![]() With each picking operation, the reed presses or battens each filling yarn against the portion of the fabric that has already been formed. As the shuttle moves across the loom laying down the fill yarn, it also passes through openings in another frame called a reed (which resembles a comb). As the shuttle moves back and forth across the shed, it weaves an edge, or selvage, on each side of the fabric to prevent the fabric from raveling. A single crossing of the shuttle from one side of the loom to the other is known as a pick. The filling yarn emerges through a hole in the shuttle as it moves across the loom. In a traditional shuttle loom, the filling yarn is wound onto a quill, which in turn is mounted in the shuttle. The shuttle is normally pointed at each end to allow passage through the shed. The filling yarn is inserted through the shed by a small carrier device called a shuttle. As the harnesses raise the heddles or healds, which raise the warp yarns, the shed is created. Two common methods of controlling the heddles are dobbies and a Jacquard Head. The weave pattern determines which harness controls which warp yarns, and the number of harnesses used depends on the complexity of the weave. The yarns are passed through the eye holes of the heddles, which hang vertically from the harnesses. This is a rectangular frame to which a series of wires, called heddles or healds, are attached. On the modern loom, simple and intricate shedding operations are performed automatically by the heddle or heald frame, also known as a harness. The shed is the vertical space between the raised and unraised warp yarns. Shedding is the raising of the warp yarns to form a loop through which the filling yarn, carried by the shuttle, can be inserted. In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening and taking-up operations. The main components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses, shuttle, reed, and takeup roll. ![]() Shuttle looms Shuttle with pirn Shuttle loom operations: shedding, picking and battening Two years later came the Northrop loom which replenished the shuttle when it was empty. ![]() This device was designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William Kenworthy, and was named the Lancashire loom.īy the year 1850, there were a total of around 260,000 power loom operations in England. It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made the operation completely automatic. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. Mechanised loom powered by a line shaft A Northrop loom manufactured by Draper Corporation in the textile museum, Lowell, Massachusetts.Ī power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
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